命令行编译arduino源码及上传执行
Arduino官方提供了一个IDE, 集成了编辑, 编译, 上传和串口监视等功能, 但是这个基于java的IDE的编辑功能略弱. 所以想是否能使用其他的c++ IDE外加类似Makefile的命令行方式编译执行. 这样也能够在类似树莓派之类的设备上直接编译和烧录程序至arduino.
首先尝试带参启动arduino的IDE, 没有发现类似devenv.exe带参直接编译工程的功能. 之后在arduino主站搜索一番, 倒是发现了一个通过makefile的方法(http://playground.arduino.cc/Learning/CommandLine), 不过提供的库略坑爹. 折腾了半天后发现提供的uart.h里面没有mega2560的定义. 从IDE中提取的库也找不到这个定义. 只能搞一些较老的芯片, 遂放弃.
继续google, 发现另外一套基于python的命令行工具ino, 试用了下, 还是比较稳定的. ino的介绍可以看这里:http://inotool.org/ 网站上提供了多种安装方式, 因为我的树莓派是debian的系统, 所以相关的东西基本都是通过apt安装的.
因为ino可以通过pip安装, 首先我们要安装一个pip:
coney@UServer:~$ sudo apt-get install python-pip -y
然后通过pip安装ino:
coney@UServer:~$ sudo pip install ino
ino只是一个构建工具, 编译时依赖于arduino的库, 有了apt真的很方便:
coney@UServer:~$ sudo apt-get install arduino -y
安装好之后我们来看看ino都有什么功能:
usage: ino [-h] {build,clean,init,list-models,preproc,serial,upload} ...
Ino is a command-line toolkit for working with Arduino hardware.
It is intended to replace Arduino IDE UI for those who prefer to work in
terminal or want to integrate Arduino development in a 3rd party IDE.
Ino can build sketches, libraries, upload firmwares, establish
serial-communication. For this it is split in a bunch of subcommands, like git
or mercurial do. The full list is provided below. You may run any of them with
--help to get further help. E.g.:
ino build --help
positional arguments:
{build,clean,init,list-models,preproc,serial,upload}
build Build firmware from the current directory project
clean Remove intermediate compilation files completely
init Setup a new project in the current directory
list-models List supported Arduino board models
preproc Transform a sketch file into valid C++ source
serial Open a serial monitor
upload Upload built firmware to the device
optional arguments:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
命令行很简单, 但是包含了build, upload, serial monitor等功能, 已经基本覆盖了IDE提供的所有功能.
我们通过一个简单的blink工程来测试下整个流程:
coney@UServer:~$ mkdir blink && cd blink
coney@UServer:~/blink$ ino init -t blink
coney@UServer:~/blink$ tree
.
├── lib
└── src
└── sketch.ino
coney@UServer:~/blink$ cat src/sketch.ino
#define LED_PIN 13
void setup()
{
pinMode(LED_PIN, OUTPUT);
}
void loop()
{
digitalWrite(LED_PIN, HIGH);
delay(100);
digitalWrite(LED_PIN, LOW);
delay(900);
}
首先是通过ino init创建一个arudino的工程, -t可以指定模板(实际除了默认的empty就提供了一个blink模板). 创建后可以看到工程的目录结构包含src和lib, 分别存放工程源码ino文件和将来要引入的库.
从blink模板创建的源码包含一个简单的闪烁led的示例. 程序将反复将13口(arduino板子上13口接着一个led)在高低电平见切换.
接下来我们要把刚才的程序编译并且上传到arduino上执行:
coney@UServer:~/blink$ ino build
Searching for Board description file (boards.txt) ... /usr/share/arduino/hardware/arduino/boards.txt
Searching for Arduino lib version file (version.txt) ... /usr/share/arduino/lib/version.txt
Detecting Arduino software version ... 1.0.0 (1.0)
Searching for Arduino core library ... /usr/share/arduino/hardware/arduino/cores/arduino
Searching for Arduino standard libraries ... /usr/share/arduino/libraries
Searching for Arduino variants directory ... /usr/share/arduino/hardware/arduino/variants
Searching for make ... /usr/bin/make
Searching for avr-gcc ... /usr/bin/avr-gcc
Searching for avr-g++ ... /usr/bin/avr-g++
Searching for avr-ar ... /usr/bin/avr-ar
Searching for avr-objcopy ... /usr/bin/avr-objcopy
src/sketch.ino
Searching for Arduino lib version file (version.txt) ... /usr/share/arduino/lib/version.txt
Detecting Arduino software version ... 1.0.0 (1.0)
Scanning dependencies of src
Scanning dependencies of arduino
src/sketch.cpp
arduino/WInterrupts.c
arduino/wiring_digital.c
arduino/wiring_pulse.c
arduino/wiring.c
arduino/wiring_shift.c
arduino/wiring_analog.c
arduino/new.cpp
arduino/IPAddress.cpp
arduino/HardwareSerial.cpp
arduino/Print.cpp
arduino/Stream.cpp
arduino/HID.cpp
arduino/WMath.cpp
arduino/WString.cpp
arduino/Tone.cpp
arduino/main.cpp
arduino/USBCore.cpp
arduino/CDC.cpp
Linking libarduino.a
Linking firmware.elf
Converting to firmware.hex
编译生成的文件都放在.build中, 所以通过ls看不到的时候千万别紧张~ 接着我们要把程序uplaod上去:
[~/arduino/blink]$ ino upload
Searching for stty ... /bin/stty
Searching for avrdude ... /usr/share/arduino/hardware/tools/avrdude
Searching for avrdude.conf ... /usr/share/arduino/hardware/tools/avrdude.conf
Guessing serial port ... /dev/ttyACM0
avrdude: stk500_recv(): programmer is not responding
avrdude done. Thank you.
ino比较智能, 会探测串口对应的tty, 但是上传好像失败了? 查看下upload的帮助:
[~/arduino/blink]$ ino upload --help
usage: ino upload [-h] [-p PORT] [-m MODEL] [-d PATH]
Upload built firmware to the device.
The firmware must be already explicitly built with `ino build'. If current
device firmare reads/writes serial port extensively, upload may fail. In
that case try to retry few times or upload just after pushing Reset button
on Arduino board.
optional arguments:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
-p PORT, --serial-port PORT
Serial port to upload firmware to
Try to guess if not specified
-m MODEL, --board-model MODEL
Arduino board model (default: uno)
For a full list of supported models run:
`ino list-models'
-d PATH, --arduino-dist PATH
Path to Arduino distribution, e.g.
~/Downloads/arduino-0022.
Try to guess if not specified
原来默认的model是uno, 而我的是mega2560. 重新执行build和upload, 指定model:(如果探测不到正确的tty, 可以通过-p指定串口)
[~/arduino/blink]$ ino build -m mega2560
...
[~/arduino/blink]$ ino upload -m mega2560
Searching for stty ... /bin/stty
Searching for avrdude ... /usr/share/arduino/hardware/tools/avrdude
Searching for avrdude.conf ... /usr/share/arduino/hardware/tools/avrdude.conf
Guessing serial port ... /dev/ttyACM0
avrdude: AVR device initialized and ready to accept instructions
Reading | ################################################## | 100% 0.02s
avrdude: Device signature = 0x1e9801
avrdude: reading input file ".build/mega2560/firmware.hex"
avrdude: writing flash (1556 bytes):
Writing | ################################################## | 100% 0.25s
avrdude: 1556 bytes of flash written
avrdude: verifying flash memory against .build/mega2560/firmware.hex:
avrdude: load data flash data from input file .build/mega2560/firmware.hex:
avrdude: input file .build/mega2560/firmware.hex contains 1556 bytes
avrdude: reading on-chip flash data:
Reading | ################################################## | 100% 0.19s
avrdude: verifying ...
avrdude: 1556 bytes of flash verified
avrdude: safemode: Fuses OK
avrdude done. Thank you.
一切就绪, 可以看到板子上led在闪烁.
如果觉得每次都要-m指定model或者-p指定tty的话, 可以通过ino.ini来配置model和port:
[~/arduino/blink]$ cat ino.ini
[build]
board-model = mega2560
[upload]
board-model = mega2560
serial-port = /dev/ttyACM0
[serial]
serial-port = /dev/ttyACM0
ino.ini可以放在工程目录下对当前工程生效, 也可以放在/etc/下, 作为全局配置. 设置好ino.ini后, 我们就不用每次build或者upload的时候都显式指定model.
最后是ino的serial monitor功能, 这个实际是依赖于picocom, 这个功能其实不需要ino也能用. 有兴趣可以看看官方的示例.
另外, 在Arduino 1.5版本中, 好像也提供了更官方的命令行支持:https://github.com/arduino/Arduino/wiki/Arduino-IDE-1.5-from-command-line , 因为目前还在beta, 尚未体验过.